Kamis, 03 Juli 2014

SOFTSKILL# TULISAN BAHASA INGGRIS

A strategic sales and marketing plan outlines specific customer markets a business will target with a sales and marketing campaign.It also delineates tactics the business will use to reach target consumers.These tactics can include advertising, brand building activities and product specials. Most effective strategies include an in-depth market assessment, budget and timeframe.

Significance

The strategic sales and marketing plan allows companies of any size to track progress toward sales and marketing objectives. It offers analyses of a company’s strengths and weaknesses in the area of sales and marketing along with activities to overcome the weaknesses and take full advantage of strengths. Without a sound strategic plan in place, those in charge of the sales and marketing responsibilities may make rash decisions during times of uncertainty and stress that are not well thought out and not best for business.

Length And Time Frame

Large companies produce in-depth sales and marketing strategies that may include hundreds of pages and quarterly divisions. Smaller businesses usually have smaller marketing budgets, so their strategic plans might have fewer than 10 pages. The brevity of the plans produced by smaller companies should not give the impression that writing one is not important. Even for small companies, the plan should include strategies and tactics for a full year, but probably will not need quarterly divisions.

Scope

A thorough sales and marketing strategy can include plans for messaging, building brand awareness and advertising tactics. The plan should define the frequency and length of time the company will utilize the various advertising channels and platforms available. Depending on demographics, one consumer group may respond better to a specific advertising platform, such as social media advertising, and others may prefer traditional advertising messages. The plan helps the marketing team target the specific consumer groups with the advertising methods those consumers prefer. Sales and marketing plans should provide qualitative and quantitative methods by which a business can measure success of the marketing campaigns.

Pricing

A strategic sales and marketing plan lists the price for various goods and the algorithms and factors used to arrive at the amount. Many factors go into the proper pricing of a product or service. Not only should a business consider its actual cost of goods, including packaging, payroll and other expenses, the marketing team must carefully consider their target consumer. Things that include seasonal activities, customer needs, competition and overall economic conditions should all factor into the price of a product or service.

Budget

Sales and marketing usually make up the largest portion of a company’s budget, regardless of company size. Each of the tactics and methods listed in the sales and marketing plan should have individual portions of the budget allocated to them. As the campaign progresses, the marketing team can move funds from less successful tactics to more successful ones, allowing more efficient uses of scarce resources.

SOURCE  : http://smallbusiness.chron.com/strategic-sales-marketing-plan-5068.html
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SOFTSKILL# TULISAN BAHASA INGGRIS

Getting To Know The Money Market

By Jason Van Bergen on May 31, 2010 
Chances are you've heard the term before, but what exactly is the money market? It is the organized exchange on which participants can lend and borrow large sums of money for a period of one year or less. While it is an extremely efficient arena for businesses, governments, banks, and other large institutions to transact funds, the money market also provides an important service to individuals who want to invest smaller amounts while enjoying perhaps the best liquidity and safety found anywhere. Here we look at some of the most popular types of money market instruments and the benefits they offer to the individual investor.

Purposes of the Money Market
Individuals will invest in the money market for much the same reason that a business or government will lend or borrow funds in the money market: sometimes the need for funds does not coincide with having them. For example, if you find you have a certain sum of money that you do not immediately need (to pay down debt, for example), then you may choose to invest those funds temporarily, until you need them to make some other, longer-term investment, or a purchase. If you decide to hold these funds in cash, the opportunity cost that you incur is the interest that you could have received by investing your funds. If you do invest your funds in the money market, you can quickly and easily secure this interest.

The major attributes that will draw an investor to short-term money market instruments are superior safety and liquidity. Money market instruments have maturities that range from one day to one year, but they are most often three months or less. Because these investments are associated with massive and actively-traded secondary markets, you can almost always sell them prior to maturity, albeit at the price of forgoing the interest you would have gained by holding them until maturity.

The secondary money market has no centralized location. The closest thing the money market has to a physical presence is an arbitrary association with the city of New York; although, the money market is accessible from anywhere by telephone. Most individual investors participate in the money market with the assistance (and experience) of their financial advisor, accountant or banking institution.

Types of Money Market Instruments A large number of financial instruments have been created for the purposes of short-term lending and borrowing. Many of these money market instruments are quite specialized, and they are typically traded only by those with intimate knowledge of the money market, such as banks and large financial institutions. Some examples of these specialized instruments are federal funds, discount window, negotiable certificates of deposit (NCDs), eurodollar time deposits, repurchase agreements, government-sponsored enterprise securities, shares in money market instruments, futures contracts, futures options, and swaps.

Aside from these specialized instruments on the money market are the investment vehicles with which individual investors will be more familiar, such as short-term investment pools (STIPs) and money market mutual funds, Treasury bills, short-term municipal securities, commercial paper, and bankers' acceptances. Here we take a closer look at STIPs, money market mutual funds, and Treasury bills.

Short-Term Investment Pools (STIPs) and Money Market Mutual Funds Short-term investment pools (STIPs) include money market mutual funds, local government investment pools, and short-term investment funds of bank trust departments. All STIPs are sold as shares in very large pools of money market instruments, which may include any or all of the money market instruments mentioned above. In other words, STIPs are a convenient means of cumulating various money market products into one product, just as an equity or fixed income mutual fund brings together a variety of stocks, bonds, and so forth. STIPs make specialized money market instruments accessible to individual investors without requiring an intimate knowledge of the various instruments contained within the pool. STIPs also alleviate the large minimum investment amounts required to purchase most money market instruments, which generally equal or exceed $100,000.

Of the three main types of STIPs, money market mutual funds are the most accessible to individuals. These funds are offered by brokerage companies and mutual fund firms, which sell shares in these funds to their individual, corporate and institutional investors. Short-term investment funds are operated by bank trust departments for their various trust accounts. Local government investment pools are established by state governments on behalf of their local governments, allowing investors to purchase shares of local government investment funds.

Money market mutual funds are further divided into two categories: taxable funds and tax-exempt funds. Taxable funds place investments in securities such as Treasury bills and commercial papers that pay interest income that is subject to federal taxation once it is paid to the fund purchaser. Tax-exempt funds invest in securities issued by state and local governments that are exempt from federal taxation. These two categories of money market mutual funds provide different patterns of growth, each of which attracts different types of investors. (For more, see Money Market Mutual Funds, The Money Market: A Look Back and The Money Market tutorial.)

Treasury Bills (T-Bills) Treasury bills, commonly known as "T-bills," are short-term securities issued by the U.S. Treasury on a regular basis to refinance earlier T-bill issues reaching maturity, and to help finance federal government deficits. Of all money market instruments, T-bills have the largest total dollar value outstanding--a sum that as of 2004 exceeded $650 billion. In addition to scheduling regular sales of T-Bills, the Treasury also sells instruments called cash management bills on an irregular basis, by re-opening the sales of bills that mature on the same date as an outstanding issue of bills.

When T-bills were initially conceived, they were given three-month maturities exclusively; but bills with six-month and one-year maturities were subsequently added. Three-month and six-month bills sell in the regular weekly auctions, and another bill auction takes place every four weeks for the sale of one-year bills.

T-bills are sold through the commercial book-entry system to large investors and institutions, which then distribute those bills to their own clients, which may include individual investors. An alternative is Treasury Direct, which is run as a non-competitive holding system designed for small investors who plan to hold their securities until maturity. Individual bidders on Treasury Direct have their ownership recorded directly in book-entry accounts at the Department of the Treasury. If an investor purchases T-bills through the Treasury Direct system and wishes to sell them prior to maturity, he or she must transfer them to the commercial book-entry system. The transfer can be arranged only through a depository institution that holds an account at a Federal Reserve Bank; the person making the transfer is required to pay applicable transfer fees.

Conclusion When an individual investor builds a portfolio of financial instruments and securities, he or she typically allocates a certain percentage of funds towards the safest and most liquid vehicle available: cash. This cash component may sit in his or her investment account in purely liquid funds, just as it would if deposited into a bank savings or checking account. However, investors are much better off placing the cash component of their portfolios into the money market, which offers interest income while still retaining the safety and liquidity of cash. Many money market instruments are available to investors, most simply through well-diversified money market mutual funds. Should investors be willing to go it alone, there are other money market investment opportunities, most notably in purchasing T-bills through Treasury Direct. 
 
SOURCE  : http://www.investopedia.com/articles/04/071304.asp 
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SOFTSKILL# TULISAN BAHASA INGGRIS

Pre-approach sales techniques stress learning as much as possible about your prospects before making the call. Pre-approach helps in making favorable first impressions and in developing effective sales closing presentations. Most techniques involve systematic procedures for gathering information using external sources and personal observation -- procedures analogous to sleuthing. What's often missing in pre-approach advocacy is emphasis on input from prospects themselves, and that is data that could be crucial in closing a sale. To get it requires listening.

Traditional Selling — Closing the Sale

Most sales models follow a linear progression of five to six selling steps: prospecting, pre-approach planning, approach, presentation, objections-rebuttals, and closing the sale. There is an abundance of closing techniques.
Traditional sales models with roots in the 1920s tend to emphasize objections-rebuttals and closing techniques. The end goal in traditional selling is to help the salesperson frame the appropriate rebuttal and "offer" that gets agreement, which gets the sale.
One common acronym for traditional selling is SELL: Show the features; Explain the advantages; Lead into benefits; Let them talk. The salesperson dominates the conversation in the SELL model, with the customer encouraged to express objections in the "Let them talk" phase. The main purpose of that, though, is to help the salesperson frame the appropriate rebuttal that gets the sale.

Pre-Approach In Traditional Selling

Traditional selling techniques do allow for discovering customer needs in the pre-approach phase, and more so in the approach phase, but the emphasis is less customer-oriented than with newer trends in relationship selling. Because the end game in traditional selling is overcoming objections to buying the product, salespeople sometimes view the things a potential customer says as mere "talking points" that are useful in getting the agreement that gets the sale.

The New Selling Dynamic: Relationship Selling

The customer in relationship selling sees the salesperson as a valued member of the company's procurement team, not simply a mere vendor. The relationship salesperson is focused on the customer rather than on the product or service being sold. The traditional sales paradigm centers on what's required to "sell the product." The relationship sales paradigm centers on what's required to help the customer "grow and prosper."

Pre-Approach in Relationship Selling

Although the sequential steps in relationship selling remain essentially the same as in traditional selling, there are subtle, yet profound, differences. Customer-focused relationship selling demands that you place top priority on uncovering customer needs. It is no longer simply an exercise in developing talking points to be incorporated into your closing sales "pitch." They are your raison d'etre for doing the pre-approach/approach phases.

Pre-Approach Steps to Relationship Selling

The distinction between traditional and relationship selling is about how the customer perceives you as a salesperson. Relationship selling is based on building trust. The following are a few guidelines to assist you in becoming a relationship salesperson:
1. Learn as much about your prospect as possible using all the resources at your disposal. 2. Learn as much about your competitors' products or services as you know about your own to be a helpful resource to your customers in making better, more informed decisions. 3. Uncover the customer's purchasing priorities. What's important? 4. Use customer-focused "benefit" language rather than product- or service-focused "features" language. 5. Don't talk; listen and ask probing questions.

SOURCE  : http://smallbusiness.chron.com/pros-cons-preapproach-sales-techniques-45435.html
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SOFTSKILL# TULISAN BAHASA INGGRIS

Developing a marketing plan can seem like a daunting task, but with some research and planning a small business owner can develop strategies that can lead to an increase in the bottom line. A combination of traditional marketing techniques and innovative tools can create an effective plan. From branding to print materials and electronic marketing solutions like innovative tag barcodes, choices abound.

Branding

Branding is one of the most important marketing strategies a small business can implement. The brand message is the promise made by the company to the consumer. Decide what makes your products or services better than the competition. Your advantage might be price, quality, location and convenience--anything that would make the consumer gravitate to your products over the competitors. Then use proprietary colors, typeface, layouts, logos and taglines to identify your business in the mind of the consumer. Consistency is the key when developing a company brand.

Print Advertising and Marketing Materials

Print advertising and collateral marketing materials go hand in hand with branding. Consumers see your logo and other identifying graphics and instantly recognize that the advertisement comes from your company before they read a word. Advertisements may appear in newspapers, magazines, flyers and online sources. Additional print collateral material like brochures, catalogs, booklets and newsletters are also effective for marketing. Commercial printers that handle this type of printing can provide customization, quality and consistency.

Direct Mail

These days direct mail can also include direct email. The key to a successful direct mail strategy for any business, small or large, is targeting the audience. It is counter productive to mail a postcard offering cigars to young women with babies. You can do your own research, or purchase mailing lists to compile a targeted list of potential consumers. The list might be broken down by geographic area, interests or demographics like age, gender or income.

Social Networking

Besides putting up a website, small businesses can put popular social networking sites to work as a marketing strategy. Websites like Twitter and Facebook can be invaluable for describing existing products, introducing new products, offering promotions and announcing sales. YouTube, the video website, can be effective for companies with a product that requires a demonstration or for a manufacturing plant tour.

Electronic Barcode Technology

Electronic barcode technology like Microsoft Tag is becoming more and more popular as a marketing strategy for small business. A logo type graphic of approximately 1-inch square is placed on a business card, poster or any other printed piece. The consumer can then use a phone application to "read" the Tag. Your website or other online information then opens up for the consumer.

SOURCE : http://smallbusiness.chron.com/five-marketing-strategies-small-business-13877.html
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SOFTSKILL# TULISAN BAHASA INGGRIS

Marketing control is used by small business owners to monitor and evaluate their current marketing strategies to identify needed adjustments and set guidelines for the future to achieve marketing and business goals. Although businesses and marketing firms have designed many marketing control techniques over the years, a handful of techniques stand out from the rest.

Competitor Analysis

A small business owner needs to know how his products, services and marketing strategy compare to local, regional, national and international competitors to retain existing customers and attract new ones. Competitor analysis involves checking out the new products or services offered by your competitors, examining their marketing strategies and determining whether they are succeeding or failing with their businesses. Use this information to adjust your strategies accordingly. For example, you could hire a mystery shopper to shop at your competitor's store to acquire information or visit businesses similar to your own in other regions and speak with their owners to get ideas.

Customer Analysis

Another way to monitor and evaluate your marketing is to perform an existing customer analysis to provide a detailed picture of the types of customers buying your products or services. An analysis involves gathering data about your customers during or after check out and then tabulating this information in a spreadsheet for comparison. For example, you might gather data about your customers such as their geographical location, average age and sex. In addition, you might gather spending habits data such as average purchase amounts, amount and type of foot traffic before and after advertising and coupon or discount usage.

Testing Research

Once you identify a target customer base, you can determine the potential success of a new product or service, the marketing methods needed to promote and sell it and the financial impact of a planned marketing strategy through prerelease group testing. One example of testing research involves communication with a focus group of 10 to 15 people from your target customer base. Ask them to discuss in general the products and services they like and dislike to help you brainstorm ideas for the future, or ask them to try one of your new products or services and provide feedback.

Customer Feedback

Customer feedback is a marketing control technique similar to testing research, but instead of gaining insight into future products and services, you evaluate customers' opinions of existing products or services and the marketing methods you currently use. Customer feedback might involve inviting your customers to complete a survey, offer opinions through a suggestion box or respond to specific questions in-person or over the phone after they've purchased a product or service. Other customer feedback methods include asking your employees for feedback and maintaining a list of the types of products or services customers have inquired about that you don't currently offer.

Cost Analysis

Small-business owners use cost analysis to create an overall picture of the cost of existing marketing strategies to reduce costs, weed out products and marketing strategies that aren't working and create a new budget to use moving forward. To perform a cost analysis, look at the current costs involved with all aspects of your business including inventory, distribution and the current costs of your marketing strategies. After you determine the costs, compare the numbers with your existing budget and the costs of alternative marketing methods.

SOURCE  : http://smallbusiness.chron.com/five-major-marketing-control-techniques-40619.html
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Minggu, 08 Juni 2014

Tugas Sofskill B.Inggris yg ke-3

1. Library
a.  Should
I shuld regisrate before I enter the library
b. Shouldn’t
They shouldn't  pay to enter the library
c. Can
We can read a book while studying in the library
d.  Can’t
We can’t eat in the library

2. Museum
a.  Should
to enter the museum , I should  pay
b.  Shouldn’t
in museum  shouldn’t  come in group
c.  Can
They can see the historical places in the museum
d.  Can’t
We can’t go to the museum because it was raining
3.park
a. Should
we should keep the clean of the park
b.  Shouldn’t
every person shouldn’t sorrow in the park
c.  Can
Lathifah and Tama can play in the park
d.  Can’t
They can’t sit in the park because there was a musical performance

4. Restaurant
a.  Should
We should pay them for the damage which occurs in restaurant
b.  Shouldn’t
He shouldn’t be smoking in the restaurant
c. Can
David and Pratama can eat at a fancy restaurant
d.  Can’t
They can’t eat together at a restaurant because there was a commotion




5.Mall
a. Should
mother should buy kitchen set at mall
b.  Shouldn’t
I shouldn’t buy clothes at mall
c.  Can
We can go shopping in the mall
d. Can’t
Bob can’t play the piano at the mall because he was busy
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Minggu, 04 Mei 2014

Tugas Sofskill B.Inggris yg ke-2

I. In the following sentence supply the articles (a, an, the) if they are necessary. If not article is necessary.
  1. Jason’s father bought him (a) bicycle that he had wanted for his birthday.
  2. (the) Statue of liberty was gift of friendship from (the) France to (the) United States
  3. Rita studying (an) English and (a) math this semester
  4. (a) Judged asked (the) witness to tell the truth.
  5.  Please give me (a) cup of (the) coffee with (a) cream and (a) sugar.
  6. (a) big books on (the) table are for my history class.
  7. When you go to (the) store, please buy (a) bottle of () chocolate milk and (a) dozen oranges.
  8. There are only (a) seats left for () tonight’s musical at (the) university.
  9. John and Marcy went to (the) school yesterday and then studied in (the) library before.
  10. What did you eat for (the) breakfast this morning?
  11. Rita plays (a) violin and her sister plays (a) guitar.
  12. While we are in (the) Alaska, we saw (an) Eskimo village.
  13. (the) chair that you are sitting is broken.
  14. On our trip to (the) Spain, we crossed (the) Atlantic Ocean.
  15. Phil cannot go to (the) movies tonight because he has to write (an) essay.

II. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate from of other.
  1. This pen isn’t working. Please give me (another pen)
  2. If you are still thirsty. I’ll make (a) pot of coffee.
  3. This dictionary has a page missing. Please give me (that dictionary)
  4. He doesn’t need those books. He needs (these books)
  5. There are thirty people in the room. Twenty are from Latin America and (ten) are from (other) countries.
  6. Six people are in the store. Two were buying meat. (one) was looking at magazines (one) was eating a candy bar. (two) were walking around looking for more food.
  7. This glass of milk is sour. (that) glass of milk is sour too.
  8. The army was practicing it’s drills. One group was doing artillery practice (one group) was marching; (it) was at attention; and (last group) was practicing combat tactics.
  9. There are seven students from japan. (there) are from Iran, and (there) are from (another) place.
  10. We looked at cars today. The first two we far too expensive, but (last) ones were reasonably priced.
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